Definition. Menopause refers to menstruation permanently stops, menopause is the period of gradually aging woman's reproductive life change. The Maynor ¬ suspended, also known as a "change of life" laity. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably, menopause is the popular term. This is due to the stop function of the physiological processes ¬ ING ovarian follicles.
Cause. Menopause follicles and eggs of estrogen depletion resulted in the denial.
Physiological changes in menopause or menopause and postmenopausal.
Genitals. The gradual atrophy of the genitalia occur in fibrous tissue deposition increase.
Ovaries. They are small (5 g.) Wrinkled surface of the fiber, the follicle depleted. The ovarian blood vessels to become hardened. Cortical stromal hyperplasia, aged 40 ¬ 46-year-old women, due to high LH is a common finding. Ovarian qualitative change has become the source of a small amount of male hormone.
Reduce oviduct narrow mortility.
The uterus becomes weak and fibrosis due to muscle atrophy. The endometrium becomes thin and atrophic (senile). In some women, the endometrium. Hyperplasia can occur in postmenopausal as a continuously stimulated estrone results. Cervical atrophy, the color of the vaginal vault. 4isappears cervical secretions become thin, thick, and later. Vaginal epithelial atrophy and loss of roughness.
Smear showed atrophic changes. Dead ends a bit depth of the vagina contract. The gradual shrinking of the vulva and vaginal stenosis: pelvic tissues become gradually release.
Secondary sexual characteristics. Breast showed that lead in flabbynes glandular tissue is gradually shrinking. These became to be because of the accumulation of fat around. Sparse pubic and armpit hair.
Physics. Weight loss after 65 years of age. Institutions decline in cell mass. The wrinkles become increasingly flexible in the face hair. Subcutaneous fat deposition. Occurs in the hips and thighs. postraenopausally reduced height after 65 years of age. Due to spinal osteoporosis, kyphosis may develop.
Metabolism. As estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis. Reduction of trabecular bone collagen matrix (osteoblasts) and calcium, leading to osteoporosis, estrogen private. The woman premenopausally protect, prevent heart disease, because ischaernic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is low. Rise after menopause, it is still rising "ischaernic rate of heart disease. Premature natural menopause or ovariectomy suffering from cardiovascular disease (stroke, heart and brain) and the increased risk of osteoporosis.
Digestion. The development of gastric acid. Gastrointestinal motor activity is lower overall in postmenopausal women, indigestion and constipation. Epithelial atrophy of the bladder and urethra.
Sexual psychology. Is a common emotional disorders. Menopause, can increase sexual desire. After 60 years of the aging process, reduce sexual desire.
Endocrinology. Menopause, gonadal failure. Estradiol decreased plasma concentrations of estrone to maintain normal ovarian stroma, but andostenedione products. Androstenedione into estrone extraglandular fat tissue. postmenopausally adrenal cortex become a source of estrone from androstenedione. The estrone become the main postmenopausal estrogen. Postmenopausal estrone daily training, it is estimated that 15 100 the GG / day (McDonald, 1973), from 30 percent to 70 pg / ml serum. Secretion of progesterone from the ovaries stop ovulation failure. The total urinary estrogen levels decline to about 6 1-24 hours post-menopausal. Androstenedione levels, mainly from the adrenal cortex, very few. Half of the premenopausal ovary to that.
Testosterone levels were not significantly reduced because of the postmenopausal ovary to secrete more testosterone.
Pituitary gonadotropin. FHS and LH secretion, an increasing number, due to the lack of negative feedback control of the ovarian hormones. The basal serum gonadotropin means the RN 50 150 IU / ml of FSH in the menopausal range and 50 meters IU / ml of LH ovulation, LH peak disappeared. FSH is 3-5 years, LH levels increased by three times the level before menopause after menopause is 15 times higher. Prolactin levels decreased.
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